高压输电线路防鸟设施应用及效果研究

Study on the status and effectiveness of anti-bird devices being used in Jilin Province

鸟害闪络是引起高压输电线路跳闸的主要原因之一.采用实地抽样调查的方法,对吉林省9个地区1 518基220kV高压杆塔上防鸟害设施的种类、损毁状况、防鸟效果和存在的问题进行了研究.结果表明:吉林省目前主要应用障碍性防鸟设施防止鸟类在输电杆塔上栖落和筑巢,以风力驱鸟器、鸟刺、滚动针式驱鸟器和防鸟罩为主;调查杆塔安装比例为53.6%,各地区存在差异;平均每基杆塔安装的防鸟设施数量为4.8个;不同类型防鸟设施损毁率不同,平均损毁率约为18.0%,其中带鸟刺风力驱鸟器和普通风力驱鸟器损坏率较高,分别为27.5%和27.3%.安装防鸟设施未能完全阻止鸟类在输电杆塔筑巢,但可在一定程度上改变鸟类在输电杆塔上的筑巢位置进而减少鸟害闪络的发生几率.

Flashover caused by birds is one of the main reasons for faults of high voltage electricity power transmission lines.By adopting the method of field sampling,investigated the types of anti-bird devices,status of anti-bird devices being damaged and effectiveness of those devices being applied on 220 kV electricity power transmission towers in nine regions of Jilin province.A total of 1 518 individuals of 220 kV high voltage electric transmission towers were investigated.The anti-bird devices used in Jilin Province mainly were physical barriers,including wind-force anti-bird devices,birds spurs,rolling anti-bird devices and anti-bird covers.The percentage of towers being installed anti-bird devices was 53.6% for investigated electric transmission towers,and differed in different regions.An average of 4.8 individuals of anti-bird devices were installed on an electric transmission tower.The average damage rate of anti-bird devices was 18.0%,the damage rate for anti-bird devices with mixed wind-force and spur was 27.5% and for simple wind-force anti-bird devices was 27.3%.Application of anti-bird devices can not proven birds to build nests on electric transmission towers absolutely,but can change the location of nests on electric transmission towers,which may play a role for reducing the probability of flashover caused by birds.