基于统计分析的农村人员购药行为模式研究

Statistical Analysis on Medicine Purchasing Behavior Pattern of Rural Residents

目的探讨影响农村人员购药行为模式的相关因素,以期为政府医保政策制定提供参考。方法以重庆30个区县农村人员为研究对象,采用随机抽样的办法选取82份有效问卷进行分析。从家庭经济条件、年龄、性别、文化水平、距离正规医疗购药地点路程、个体对自己病情的研判和是否参加医保7个相关因素进行分析。结果 (1)通过相关和通径分析,结果表明,农村人员购药行为模式与家庭经济条件和距离正规医疗机构的路程2个因素的相关系数有统计学意义(P<0.01),与是否参加医保的相关系数亦有统计学意义(P<0.05);距离正规医疗机构的路程对农村人员购药行为模式的正向直接作用最大,通径系数为0.4454;其次是家庭经济条件,其通径系数为0.4091;其他因素的直接作用大小依次为是否参加医保(0.2602)、文化水平(0.1015)、年龄(0.0362)。性别具有直接负向作用(-0.0201)。被调查人自己对病情的研判对农村人员购药行为模式几乎无直接或间接影响。(2)通过主成分分析,结果表明,前5个主成分累计百分率为86.0553%,可以用来表述农村人员购药行为模式的全部信息,主成分1为农村人员购药行为模式的经济基础因子,主成分2为农村人员购药行为模式的年龄因子,主成分3为农村人员购药行为模式的经济和文化双重因子,主成分4为农村人员购药行为模式的性别因子,主成分5为农村人员购药行为模式的文化水平因子。结论家庭经济条件和距离正规医疗购药地点的路程为影响农村人员购药行为模式的主要因素,是否参加医保位列第三。因此政府需要加大医保报销比例,建立健全农村医疗卫生机构,合理布置药物销售网点。

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the medicine purchasing behavior pattern of rural residents, so as to provide reference for medical insurance policy - making of the government. Methods The subjects were randomly select- ed rural residents from 30 districts and counties of Chongqing. The 7 factors which might affect the medicine purchasing behavior pattern of the rural residents were studied, which included family economic conditions, age, gender, educational level, distance from pharmacy/hospital, own judgment of the disease, and medicine insurance status. Results The correlation and path analysis results showed that the medicine purchasing behavior pattern of the rural residents were correlated with family economic conditions and distance from pharmacy/hospital （P 〈 0.01 ）, as well as medical insurance status （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The distance from pharma- cy/hospital had the most positive impact with the direct path coefficient 0. 4454, followed by family economic conditions with the direct path coefficient 0. 4091, medical insurance status （0. 2602）, educational level （0. 1015）, and age （0. 0362）. Gender had the negative impact on medicine purchasing behavior pattern with the direct path coefficient - 0. 0201. Own judgment of the disease did not have any direct or indirect impact. The principal components analysis results showed that the accumulated variance of the first five principal components reached 86. 0553% and couid reflect the medicine purchasing behavior pattern. The first principal component was economic basis, the second principal component was age, the third was economy and culture, the forth was gender, the fifth was educational level. The overall conclusion was made out of the results of the two analysis meth- ods. Conclusion The family economic condition and distance from pharmacy/hospital are main factors affecting medicine purcha- sing behavior pattern of rural residents of Chongqing, followed by medical insurance status. Therefore, the government need to in- crease the proportion of medical care reimbursement, establish and improve rural medicine care institutions, and rationalized the distribution of drug sale outlets.