江西板栗坚果采后病害发生动态

On the Occurring Dynamics of Chinese Chestnut Post-harvest Disease in Jiangxi

江西板栗采后病害主要由多种病原真菌侵染所致 ,引起坚果腐烂。 1 997～ 1 999年 ,笔者从南昌、鹰潭两地有症栗仁上共分离检出 2 4属病原真菌 ,其中Fusicoccum ,Nectria ,Polystigmina ,Thecospora ,Ramula ria,Scolecotrichum ,Verticillium ,Thielaviopsis ,Hormodendrum ,Cephalosporium ,Periconia ,Nigrospora ,Monilia ,Oosporia等 1 4属为中国栗果新记录。优势病原菌首推Colletotrichum gloeosporium ,它主要于采前侵染 ,采收时和冷藏后的检出率分别是 5 7.1 % ,2 9.8% ;其次为Nigrosporasp .,Scolecotrichumsp .。此外 ,笔者对采后病害的发生因素进行了初步探讨 ,结果表明不同株系、不同采集地坚果存在着抗感病程度的差异。1 %漂白粉液浸泡 1 0min ,晾干 ,装入塑料袋 。

Nuts rot of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) during storage in Jiangxi were mainly caused by fungal deterioration, accounting for 94.2%. Members of the genera Fusicoccum, Nectria, Polystigmina, Thecospora, Ramularia, Scolecotrichum, Verticillium, Thielaviopsis, Hormodendrum, Cephalosporium, Nigrospora, Periconia, Monilia, Oosporia, Colletotrichum, Phomopsis, Pestalotia, Phoma, Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichothecium were isolated from kernels with necrotic spots during 1997～1998. The first 14 genera were first recorded in Chinese chestnut. Colletotrichum gloeosporium, the prominent pathogen, accounting for 57.1% and 29.8% of the isolators at harvest and during storage respectively. Nigrosporium sp. and Scolecotrichum sp. were frequent as well during storage, accounting for 24.3% totally. In addition, nuts from different strains of chestnut and different regions had effect on the development of diseases. The combination of sinking the nuts in 1% NaoCl for 10 min-draining-putting into plastic bag-storing at 5℃ can minimize spoilage losses.