小儿惊厥的临床特点及治疗分析

Clinical characteristics and treatment analysis of infantile convulsion

目的探讨小儿惊厥的临床特点及治疗体会。方法将我院儿科的惊厥患儿共128例作为研究对象,根据临床特点给予相关治疗。短暂热性惊厥患儿给予物理降温,酌情选用口服布洛芬,惊厥时给予安定静注;简单性热性惊厥患儿采用间歇服药法,反复发作或单次持续时间超过5 min以上的患儿,使用甘露醇脱水,同时查找病因,给予病因治疗和支持治疗;复杂性热性惊厥患儿在上述基础上,采用长期药物维持治疗,如苯巴比妥、扑痫酮、丙戊酸钠和卡马西平等。结果 128例惊厥患儿均治疗有效。除复杂性高热惊厥和无热惊厥患儿各有1例发展成为癫痫,其他患儿均无明显的后遗症。结论小儿惊厥的发病因素较为复杂,但除去先天性或外伤性因素外,一般预后较好。惊厥复发频率与发育程度有关,应该在治疗有效的基础上,避免诱发因素,降低复发率,使之能尽量顺利成长,顺利度过惊厥危险期。

therapy according to the clinical characteristics treatment, Children with short febrile convulsion were given physical cooling, oral ibuprofen was appropriate used, valium was injected when convulsion happened; children with simple febrile seizures was treated with by intermittent medication, recurrent or single duration of more than 5 minutes, were given mannitol, at the same time, to search the pathogeny and given the etiological treatment and support therapy; children with complex febrile seizures were given long-term maintenance treatment of drug on base of the above,such as phenobarbital, primidone, sodium valproate and carbamazepine. Results The treatment of all patients showed effective. Except of 1 case of complex febrile convulsion and 1 case of non-heat. Conclusion Induction factors of infantile convulsion are complicated, except of congenital and traumatic factors, the prognosis of the others are good generally. The recurrent frequent is related on development degree, so it should on the base of effective treatment, to avoid induction factors and decrease recurrent rate, and make the child grow up and pass the dangerous period smoothly.