热冲击对鱼类影响的研究

Effects of thermal shock on fishes

对我国几大水系鱼类及水产动物共 6 5种的抽样调查、急性热冲击试验、热回避试验、最大起始致死温度和持续热影响试验 ,以及组织学检查等 ,探讨了我国渔业水域的废热排水对鱼类影响的温度标准。认为我国夏季废热排水最高温度珠江水系和湛江沿岸水域不得超过 36℃ ;长江和钱塘江水系、黄河水系不得超过 35℃ ;黑龙江和松花江水系不得超过 2 6℃ ;大连湾近岸水域不得超过 2 4℃ ;西北地区冷水性鱼类水域不超过 2 1℃。且各水系最大水温变化范围不能超过± 3℃。

Sixty-five aquatic animals in several river systems were collected. The tests of thermal shock, thermal avoidance, maximun incipient lethal temp.and continuously thermal effect were performed. Then a series of pathological tests were conducted.Based on the tests, a study on temperature standard of waste hot drainage in fishery waters was performed and it comes to the conclusion that in summer, the highest hot drainage temperature should be 36℃ in Zhujiang River system and Zhanjiang coastal waters, 35℃in the Changjiang River, Qiantangjiang River and the Yellow River, 26℃ in the Heilongjiang River and Songhuajiang River, 24℃ in offshore water of Dalian Bay,21℃ in northwest waters, and the highest variation of water temp should not be over ±3℃.