利用外源种质选育优良玉米自交系及强优势杂交种的实践与思考

Practices and thoughts on breeding of good maize inbreds and high heterosis hybrids using exogenous germplasm

以外引杂交种 785 99为基础材料分离获得优良玉米自交系齐 319。以齐 319为亲本与不同类群测验系杂交 ,所配组合均表现较强的杂种优势 ,特别是具有突出的抗锈病能力。其中鲁单 5 0即鲁原 92×齐 319优势最强。 1995～ 1997年在山东省区域试验和生产试验中产量居首位 ,并表现抗病、抗倒能力强 ,是目前生产上多抗性最好的优良品种之一 ,1999年山东省推广面积达 6 9 7× 10 4 hm2 。

Good maize inbred Qi 319 has been got and separated from exogenous hybrid 78599. All of the combinations using Qi 319 as parent have high heterosis, especially having obvious rust resistance. Ludan 50 (Luyuan 92×Qi 319) has the highest heterosis, appearing highest yield in regional and production trails in Shandong during 1995～1997, and good resistance to disease and lodging. Now, Ludan 50 is one of the best multi-resistance varieties, whose popularized area is 69.7×104hm2 in 1999.