PPP项目融资模式干系人识别和管理策略分析

Stakeholder Identification and Management Strategies of PPP Project Financing Mode

PPP项目结构复杂,参与方众多,不同的干系人其希望和追求的利益目标往往相差甚远,导致产生不同的优先权和冲突,这势必给利益的协调与制衡带来诸多问题。利益相关者的状态并不具有固定的特性,政治力量的运用、社会经济条件的改变都有可能使利益相关者从各种状态下发生变化。利益相关者管理策略随企业管理情境因素而变化,企业应根据具体的管理情境,选择不同的管理策略。在规划项目干系人管理策略时,企业应当争取优势型、依赖型、休眠型和酌处型的干系人,使之成为主动的利益相关者,积极参与组织决策,共同推动项目的开展,而对危险型和强要型两种,则应当坚决防范其成为合法的利益相关者,减少项目中的利益冲突。

A PPP project usually has lots of problems regarding interest coordination and balance caused by the complex structure and many participants, stakeholders who have different priorities and interest conflicts thanks to their various expectations and goals. The states of stakeholders are not stable as the use of political power and change in socio-economic conditions are likely to change the stakeholders from the various states. If management situational factors change, stakeholder management strategies will change. Therefore, an enterprise should choose different management strategies in accordance with specific management scenarios. In planning the management strategy of project stakeholders, the enterprise should encourage the stakeholders with distinctive features in terms of superiority, dependence, dor- mancy and discretion to actively participate in organizational decision making and jointly promote project progress; while facing the dan- gerous and compelling stakeholders, the enterprise should resolutely prevent them from becoming legitimate stakeholders to reduce interest conflicts.