蝴蝶兰花发育的分子生物学研究进展

Research Progress on Molecular Biology in the Flower Development of Phalaenopsis

蝴蝶兰花非常独特且高度进化,如萼片瓣化、瓣片特化为唇瓣、雌雄蕊合生成合蕊柱及子房发育须由授粉启动等,是单子叶植物花发育研究的理想材料。近年来蝴蝶兰花发育分子生物学取得了重要进展。该文就近年来国内外有关蝴蝶兰开花转换及花器官发育相关基因研究以及B类基因与兰花花被的进化发育关系方面的研究进展进行综述。研究表明:MADS基因在蝴蝶兰开花转换及花器官发育过程中起重要作用,推测其中的DEF(DE-FICIENS)-like基因早期经过2轮复制,形成了4类不同的DEF-like基因,进而决定兰花花被属性。蝴蝶兰花发育分子生物学的深入研究,将极大地利于通过基因工程手段提高蝴蝶兰花品质如花色改良及花期调控等,推动分子育种进程。

The Phalaenopsis flower is special and highly evolved with three petal like sepals,a labellum or lip（highly modified petal） ,a gynostemium or column （fusion of the male and female reproductive organs）. Otherwise,the ovary development in Phalaenopsis flowers is triggered by pollination. So Phalaenopsis is the ideal material for floral development studies in monocots. Important progress has been made on molecu lar biology in the flower development of Phalaenopsis. In this review,the progress on the genes that are in volved in flowering transition and floral organ development of Phalaenopsis are summarized. Also,lhe pro gress on the relationship between B-class genes and evolutionary development of orchid perianth is summa rized. These researches indicated the MADS-box genes played important roles in the flowering transition and the floral organ development. It has been suggested that two rounds of DEF（DEFICIENS） like gene duplications during early orchid evolution might have generated the genes that were probably recruited to distinguish the different types of perianth organs. The deep research of molecular biology in the flower development would greatly improve the flower quality such as flower color improvement and flowering time regulation by genetic engineering and promote molecular breeding process.