重庆忠县翠屏山西晋崖墓出土宝玉石和玻璃饰品的工艺初探

Tentatively Discussion on Handicraft Techniques of Jade, Gem and Glass Ornaments from Cliff Tombs of Western Jin Dynasty in Cuiping Mountain Site,Zhong County of Chongqing City

利用显微镜对重庆忠县翠屏山西晋时期崖墓出土的玛瑙珠、琥珀饰品和玻璃珠的表面痕迹进行了显微观察,对它们的加工工艺进行了分析和探讨。其中,玛瑙珠在粗磨过程中应使用了粒径较大、粒度不均匀的石英砂粒,导致玛瑙珠的外形不规整,表面多大而深的凹坑;琥珀饰品的钻孔外缘和表面存在较多应力裂纹,显示当时的玉匠对琥珀的加工尚不能克服琥珀性脆、怕热的缺点;玻璃珠至少可见铸造——切削成形、缠珠和直管切割3种制作工艺。这些饰品的特点反映了西晋时期平民社会所使用的饰品的面貌和工艺水平,为中国古代宝玉石和玻璃器的断代以及工艺研究提供了新的信息。

With a microscope, the author studied surface traces of the agate beads, an amber ornament and glass beads from cliff tombs of Western Jin Dynasty in Cuiping Mountain site, Zhong County of Chongqing City. The handicraft techniques of these ornaments were analyzed and discussed in this paper. The agate beads were irregular with many relatively large and deep pits on surface which could be caved and polished by somewhat larger and heteroge-neous particles of quartz sand. The craftsmen at that time were not able to understand the shortcomings of amber beads such as brittle and thermolabile, and therefore, the amber or naments showed stress cracking on the edge of drills and its surface. There were three kinds of manufacturing skills including casting-cutting, twining and pipe cutting for the glass beads. The characteristics of these ornaments reflect the handicraft levels in the Western Jin Dynasty, and also provide some new information for the dating and craft-study of the ancient Chinese jade, gem and glass ornaments.