青少年“我是谁”反应的内容分析

Content Analysis of Adolescences’ Reactions on “Who Am I”

目的:探讨青少年自我概念的特点。方法:运用改造的WAI技法,对689名四至六年级小学生、初中生、高中生的WAI反应作类别分析。结果:①青少年的自我概念包含社会属性、个人属性和我他关系三个方面,不同年级在各维度上的反应差异显著。四至六年级小学生社会属性的反应率最高,高中生在个人属性和我他关系上的反应率均显著高于其他年级;②在子类上,四至六年级小学生在自我参照、籍贯(国籍)及与班级(同学)子类上反应率最高;初中生在道德、性格、性别子类上反应率最高;高中生在情绪、现实(幻想)性、自尊(好胜)心、愿望(志向)、(价值)观念、自我认知、与异性及与人生子类上的反应率最高;③偏好、父母与学业是青少年自我概念的重要内容。结论:青少年的自我概念随年龄的增长,逐步由外在的、具体的描述转向内在的、抽象的描述。

Objective： To explore the characteristics of self-concept of adolescents. Methods： The modified WAI paradigm was conducted to test 689 4-6 grade pupils, junior and senior high school students. Results： （1）The self-concept of adolescents contained social attributes, personal attributes and self-other relationships, differences were significant be- tween different groups. （2）4-6 grade pupils reported more on self-reference, native place and relationships with school- mates; junior high school students reported more on morality, personality and gender; senior high school students reported more on emotion, reality or abstractedness, self-esteem, ambition, values, self-cognition and relationships with the opposite sex and life. （3）Preferences, parents and school work were important in self-concept of adolescents. Conclusion： The self- concept of adolescents turned from external and concrete descriptions to internal and abstract descriptions with increasing of age.