中国艾滋病致孤儿童歧视的质性研究

A Qualitative Study of Stigma Against AIDS Orphans in China

目的:对艾滋病致孤儿童(父母因患艾滋病去世的儿童,简称艾滋孤儿)受到的歧视表现、歧视原因和带给艾滋孤儿的影响进行研究。方法:对中国农村的47名失去一位或两位父母的艾滋孤儿进行一对一的深度访谈。结果:由于艾滋病病毒的传染性和中国乡村的文化氛围,艾滋孤儿经历了来自村民、朋友、老师、政府官员不同的歧视表现,而被远离、被拒绝和标签化是最典型的表现。艾滋孤儿的歧视表现带来了包括导致心理压力、造成生活困扰、减少暴露和支持等消极影响。产生这种歧视表现的原因主要是对HIV传染性的恐惧,也和孤儿没有父母以及生活贫困有关。结论:减少歧视,给予艾滋孤儿更多的关爱。

Objective： Many studies have investigated stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHA）, but few studies have explored stigma against AIDS orphans who were affected by parent with HIV. Methods： Based on in-depth structure interviews with 47 single and double AIDS orphans conducted in rural China in 2005-2006, the current study examined stigmatized manifestation and its consequences, causes towards AIDS orphans expressed by community popula- tion. Results： Because of the contraction of HIV and Chinese rural culture, AIDS orphans experienced different kinds of stigma manifestations from villagers, friends, teachers, classmates and government officers; and typical manifestation of stigma toward them were separating, refusing, and labeling. Stigma manifestations toward AIDS orphans brought negative consequences, including psychological distress, life disturbance, no disclosure and no support. The reasons of the stigma against AIDS orphans was mainly derived from fear of HIV contraction, also association with losing one or both patents and living in poverty. Conclusion： Reduce stigma towards AIDS Orphans and give more care to them.