生成性人性观及其教育意蕴

The Conception of Generative Human Nature and Its Educational Implication

不同的人性观对应着不同的教育。预成性人性观认为人生过程由其本质决定,它否定了人的丰富性、能动性和无限性。依据预成性人性观建构起来的教育强调按已有的规律和规则去塑造学生,结果使学生丧失了个性、创造性、主动性和责任感。其实,人的本质是生成的,即人在其生活和实践的过程中生成其本质。人的本质的生成性可以从管理学、现代哲学、哲学人类学不同角度得到说明。生成性人性观让我们看到,学生具有多种发展可能性,因而教育应给学生提供多种可能,教育过程应具有生成性。

Education varies in accordance with different conception of human nature.In the conception of preformed human nature,the development of man is determined by the human nature,which denies the human himself.According to this conception,the student must be educated by uniform law and rule.As a result,the students have no characteristics,no creativity,no positivity and no responsibility.In fact,the human nature is generative,which means that man produce his humanity in the process of living and practicing.The conception of generative human nature could be proved by management science,contemporary philosophy and philosophical anthropology.The implication of the theory on the generative humanity is that the student should get many development possibilities;education should provide student with many possibilities,and education should be of creativity.