民国时期国立大学教育经费的影响因素

Influencing Factor Analysis of State-built Universities’Education Funding in the Period of the Republic of China

民国时期国立大学教育经费受到多种因素制约,不仅与国家的财政状况密切相关,亦与当时的社会政治情形及校长的个人影响力等因素有关。北京政府与南京国民政府执政初期,中央财政支绌,国立大学教育经费频遭拖欠;战时国立各校遭受折减与通货膨胀的双重打击,教育经费不足情形益发严重。同时,国家政局之稳定与否及当权者因政治利益而有所侧重之权衡,亦对国立大学教育经费有着显著影响。此外,民国国立大学校长之人脉关系在争取大学经费中起着相当重要的作用。

In the period of the Republic of China,state-built universities’education funding was restricted by many factors.For a university,to obtain the funding had a close deal with finance of the government,and social and political situations of time,as well as the private influence of the university president.During the Beijing regime and the early Nanjing National regime,state-built universities were often owed education funding because of central financial distress;during the wartime,state-built universities had to face a serious shortage of education funding caused by reduction in discount and inflation.At the same time,political situation stable or not and the results that those in power weighed the relative importance of their own political interests influenced the education funding deeply.Besides,the network of the president played an important role in obtaining funds for his university.