遵义市汇川区2010～2012年手足口病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease in Huichuan district of Zunyi from 2010 to 2012

目的了解遵义市汇川区目前手足口病现状及流行特征,为该区防控手足口病提供科学的依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取该区手足口病疫情资料,对其流行病学特征进行描述,并对重症手足口病病例进行病原体检测。结果 2010～2012年汇川区共发生手足口病病例3650例,2012年发病率(436.57/10万)最高,2011年发病率(170.82/10万,均P"0.05)最低。发病有明显季节性,5月份为高峰,2011年和2012年在11月份再现发病小高峰,发病以散居儿童居多,占总发病数的63.86%。发生重症89例,年均重症病例发生率24.38‰,2012年(30.5‰)和2011(33.4‰)年均高于2010年(4.3‰,均P"0.05)。3年重症病例病原体构成差异有统计学意义(2=14.45,P"0.01),2011年以EV71为主,2012年以其他肠道病毒为主。结论遵义市汇川区手足口病发病有增长趋势,呈季节性波动,以散居儿童为主,2011年以EV71病毒株为主,2012年以其他肠道病毒株为主。

Objective To analyze the condition of hand -foot -mouth disease （HFMD） and epidemio- logical characteristics of HFMD from 2010 to 2012 in Huichuan District of Zunyi and provide the scien- tific evidence for HFMD prevention and control. Methods Surveillance and detecetion of HFMD was collected according to China information system for diseases control and prevention and analyzed by de- scriptive statistical methods. The pathogen of HFMD severe case was deteceted by RT - PCR. Results A total of 3650 HFMD cases were recorded in Huiehuan District of Zunyi from 2010 to 2012. The highest HFMD incidence rate of the resident population was 436.57/100000 in 2012 and the lowest one was 170.82/100000 in 2011 （P 〈 0.05）. The total morbidity presented the obvious seasonal characteristic, which reached the summit in May and appeared on the small peak in November of 2011 and 2012. The population morbidity was the scattered children, which accounted for 63.86%. Eighty - nine severe ca- ses from 2010 - 2012 were shown and the average incidence rate of severe cases was 24.38‰. The inci- dence rate in 2012 （30.5‰） and 2011 （33.4‰） was higher than that in 2010 （4.3%0）. There was significant difference of the pathogens types in severe cases among three years with the pathogen of hu- manterovirus 71 in 2011 and other intestinal viruses in 2012 （ = 14.45 ,P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusion The in- cidence of HFMD presents the increasing and seasonal characteristics with the prevalence in the scat- tered children and the pathogens of humanterovirus 71 in 2011 and other intestinal viruses in 2012.