商周时期的简册、书牍及其内容、功能与文学史意义

The Content and Features and the Significance of Literary History of Bamboo Splits in Shang and Zhou Dynasties

商周时代,存在着简牍、甲骨、青铜器、玉石、缣帛、陶器等众多书写载体。这些媒介之间是一种"共生"形态,而不是依次替代的关系。简册、书牍是当时最主要、最普遍的传播媒介,广泛地应用于政治、文化、宗教、经济、军事和日常生活的各个领域,举凡诰令文书、历史记载、占卜祝祷、刑法契约、户籍地图、诗歌、书籍等均可载录。甲骨卜辞只是商周时期众多文体中的一类,并不能完全反映和代表商代散文的发展水平,也不能看作中国散文的最初形态。

There are many writing carriers in the ancient Chinese Shang and Zhou dynasties, such as bamboo splits, Oracle, bronze, jade, silk, pottery and many others. The relationship among these carriers is a kind of symbiotic form rather than the substitutable relations one after another. Bamboo splits were the leading and the most common media at that time, which were widely used in various fields, for example, politics, culture, religion, economy, military and daily life.And they were recorded in many forms, including the ancient official documents, historical records, divination prayer, criminal brochures, census register map, poetry and other books. Oracle inscriptions of Shang and Zhou dynasties is one kind of many literary styles,and it can not fully reflect and represent the development level of the prose in Shang Dynasty, nor as the original form of Chinese prose.