不同施肥种植模式对玉米光合特性、养分效率及产量性状的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization and Planting Patterns on Photosynthetic Characters,Nutrients Efficiency and Yield Traits of Maize

为简化农艺措施,提高玉米生产效率,采用田间试验法,以常规施肥种植模式(底肥浅施+追肥条播间苗)为对照,研究灭茬旋耕深松全层施肥精播的简化施肥种植模式对玉米光合特性、养分吸收利用及产量性状的影响。结果表明:简化施肥种植模式能分别提高玉米抽雄期、成熟期叶面积指数(LAI)6.9%～8.6%和10.3%～10.5%,叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)5.9%～6.5%和9.4%～10.8%;提高群体总光合势(LAD)7.0%～8.1%;使氮、磷、钾的吸收效率分别提高了19.4%～24.8%,15.4%～17.4%,13.3%～16.1%,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的偏生产力均提高了3.8%～5.2%。此外,简化施肥种植模式还提高了玉米茎粗和干物质积累量,改善了产量构成因素,显著提高了玉米产量和经济效益。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization and planting patterns on photosynthetic characters, nutrients uptake and utilization and yield traits of maize. The results indicated that, compared with the conventional fertilization planting patterns, simplified fertilization planting patterns could enhance the leaf area index（LAD by 6.9%～8.6% and 10.3%～10.5%, and the relative chlorophyll content（SPAD） by 5.9%～6.5% and 9.4%～10.8% in head sprouting and mature; enhance population leaf area duration（LAD） by 7.0%～8.1% ; increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake efficiency by 19.4%～24.8%,15.4%～17.4%,13.3%～16.1%, and increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium partial factor productivity by 3.8%～5.2%, respectively. In addition, the stem diameters and dry matter accumulation were increased, and the components of yield were improved. Finally, the maize yield and economic profit in this treatment were significantly increased.