不同有机物料与化肥配施对黑土重金属各形态的影响

Influence of Different Organic Materials Applied with Chemical Fertilizers on Existing Forms of Heavy Metals in Black Soil

通过盆栽试验研究牛粪、鸡粪、树叶、秸秆与化肥配施及单施化肥对土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb各形态的影响。结果表明:(1)有机物料与化肥配施及单施化肥均能使土壤中残余态Cu向弱酸溶解态及其他形态转化,并且牛粪与化肥配施转化效果最明显,施肥处理对其他2种形态Cu影响不明显;(2)鸡粪与化肥配施能有效地使土壤中其他形态Zn向残余态转化,而牛粪与化肥配施则会使残余态Zn向弱酸溶解态转化,其他处理的这种转化不明显;(3)有机物料与化肥配施均能有效增加土壤中残余态Cd含量,使Cd的有效性降低,并且牛粪与化肥配施的效果最为明显;(4)树叶与化肥配施能有效降低土壤中残余态Pb含量,使其向可还原态及可氧化态转化,而其他施肥处理则均能增加土壤中残余态Pb的含量,使其活性降低,并且秸秆与化肥配施及单施化肥效果较为显著。

Through a pot experiment, studied the influence of applying cow dung, chicken manure, tree leaves, straw with fertilizer and single fertilizer on chemical forms of heavy metals in the soil. Results showed： （1）Applying organic manures with fertilizer and single fertilizer could all make the soil residual state Cu to the weak acid dissolved state and other morphological transformation, and the conversion effect of cow dung with fertilizer was the most obvious, there were no significant effect of fertilization treatments on the other two forms of Cu. （2）Applying chicken manure with fertilizer could make the other forms of Zn in the soil to the residual state transformation effectively, such conversion was not obvious to other treatments. （3）Applying organic manures with fertilizer could all effectively increase the residual state content of Cd in soil, and the effect of applying cow dung with fertilizer was the most obvious. （4）Applying tree leaves with fertilizer could reduce the residual state Pb in soil, made it to the conversion of the reduced state and oxidation state, and the other treatments could all increase the residual state content of Pb in soil, made its activity decrease, the effects of applying straw with fertilize and single fertilizer were more significant.