吊兰生长对锌污染土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of Chlorophytum comosum Growth on Microbial Biomass and Soil Enzymatic Activities in Zinc-polluted Soil

选用观赏植物吊兰进行盆栽试验,通过测定吊兰根际、非根际以及未栽培吊兰的空白组土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性及化学性质,研究吊兰对重金属锌污染土壤的修复作用。结果表明:土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性、有机质含量及土壤呼吸作用强度均表现为吊兰根际组>吊兰非根际组>未栽培吊兰的空白组。而土壤锌总量、pH、电导率及氧化还原电位均表现为未栽培吊兰的空白组>吊兰非根际组>吊兰根际组。土壤锌浓度为200mg/kg时,细菌、真菌的数量最多,土壤呼吸作用强度、脲酶及磷酸酶的活性也达到最高值;土壤锌浓度为500mg/kg时,放线菌数量最多,且蔗糖酶活性达到顶峰。三类微生物对锌的敏感性顺序为真菌>放线菌>细菌。土壤酶对重金属锌的敏感性顺序为蔗糖酶>脲酶>磷酸酶>过氧化氢酶。通过微生物数量与土壤酶活性的双变量相关性分析可知,放线菌的变化对土壤酶的影响最大,其次是真菌,细菌影响最小。吊兰生长能够有效改善土壤环境,在重金属锌污染修复方面有广阔的应用前景。

Baesd on pot experiments by planting Chlorophytum comosum, this paper studied the microbial biomass, soil enzymatic activities and chemical properties in rhizosphere soil, non-rhizosphere soil and the soil of blank group which had no plants. The results showed： The microbial biomass, soil enzymatic activities, organic matter and soil respiration in the soil showed that the rhizosphere group 〉the non-rhizosphere group 〉the blank group. The total zinc concentration, pH, electrical conductivity and oxidation reduction potential showed that the blank group 〉 the non-rhizosphere group 〉 the rhizosphere group. When the concentration of zinc was 200 mg/kg, the numbers of bacteria and fungi were the most. The soil respiration and activities of urease and phosphatase reached their peaks. When the concentration of zinc was 500 mg/kg, the number of actinomycetes was the most and the invertase activity reached the maximum. The sensitivities order of three categories of microorganisms with zinc was： Fungi 〉actinomycetes 〉 bacteria, and the sensitivity order of four soil enzymes with zinc was invertase 〉 urease 〉 phosphatase 〉 catalase. Through the bivariate correlation analysis of microbial biomass with soil enzymatic activities, it was found that the effects of zinc treatments on soil enzymatic activities with actinomycetes changing were the greatest, followed by fungi and bacteria affected the lowest. The soil environment could be improved by planting Chlorophytum comosum, and it had broad application prospects in remediating zinc-contaminated soil.