刘宗周《周易古文钞》中的“慎独”功夫论

Practice of "Being Apprehensive When Staying Alone" Reflected in Liu Zongzhou's Zhouyi guwen chao

刘宗周晚年重要著作《周易古文钞》可与《人谱》相辉映。刘宗周认为,慎独功夫纲为乾坤,目分为六:凛闲居以体独、卜动念以知几、谨威仪以定命、敦大伦以凝道、备百行以考旋、迁善改过以作圣。又认为,《乾》、《坤》从继善成性、易知简能、一理凝然、一念惺然等方面阐发了独体的内涵;《复》、《豫》、《履》、《无妄》、《小过》阐释"慎独"功夫论;《蛊》、《节》、《大过》展现学问与生命的统一。

Liu Zongzhou~ Zhouyi guwen chao completed in his later years is as rediating as his Ren pu. The practice of ＂being appre- hensive when staying alone＂ reflected in the former book is principally based on hexagrams Qian [ , The Creative, 1 ] and Kun [ , The Receptive, 2 ] which are further divided into six items ： 1 ） experiencing apprehension （ against evil ideas ） when leisurely sta- ying alone ; 2 ） being aware of incipience when the idea is motivated ; 3 ） determining fate through shaping dignity ; 41 reinforcing fam- ily relationship to follow the Dao （ Way） ; 5 ） being ready to deal with the variety of business to accomplish oneself; and 6） shifting to the good and correcting errors to become a sage. Among these aspects, the qualities of hexagrams Qian and Kun of succeeding good- ness and fully developing of human nature, simplicity and ease, consolidation of principle, and awareness of motive can enrich the connotations of the thinking in solitude while hexagrams Fu [ , Return, 24], Yu [ , Contentment, 16], LU [ , Treading, 10], Wuwang [ , No Errancy, 25], and Xiaoguo [ , Minor Superiority, 62] explicate his theories for the practice of ＂appre- hension in solitude. ＂ In addition, hexagrams Gn [ , Ills to Be Cured, 18 ], Jie [ Control, 60 ] and Daguo[ , Great Superi- onty,28] exhibit the unity of his learning and life.