中医古籍词语考释三则

Interpretations of three words in Chinese ancient medical books

"善潔"描述肝脉外证,语出《难经》。先贤注疏多望文生义,时贤多以"潔"为形误,其实非也。"善"作多、易解,"潔"言汗出,"善潔"当作"容易汗出"解。医书也见"潔潔"一词。"潔潔"为"潔"之重言,意思也由水洗义引申而来表示杯中水尽,点滴而下。《金匮要略》有"覆杯潔潔"一词描述脾死脉。此语正是对《内经》中"水之流(溜),屋之漏"的提炼与解读。"漐漐"与"濈濈"也表汗出,多见于中古方书。古今注家多强解分之,实则二者无异,均从"湁湒"分化而来。在中古时期,汉语词语逐渐口语化、复音化,"湒"也重言为"湒湒"。后因读音相近,又衍生出"濈濈""蛰蛰""漐漐""潗潗"等写法。

Shah jie （善潔）, describing external symptoms of liver vessel, originated from Nanjing. Ancestors took this term too literally and thought jie （潔） was not a proper word. The authors thought that shan （善） means more and easy and jie means sweating, so shah jie can be explained as sweating easily. Jie jie （潔潔）, repeated jie, can be found in Chinese ancient medical books, which means water drips from drained cup. There is a term of fu bei jie jie （覆杯潔潔） in Jingui Yaolue describing extremely weak spleen vessel, which is a refining and interpreting of ＂water escaping and roof leaking＂ in Neijing. The terms ofzhi zhi （漐漐） and ji ji （濈濈） also medical books, and they were not different and all derived Chinese words and exp ji （湒湒）, while ji ji mean sweating and can from chi ji （ 湁湒）. I ressions became more and more colloquial and polysyllabic. Ji （湒） can be read ji ji （湒湒）, while ji ji （濈濈）, zhe zhe （蛰蛰）, zhi zhi （漐漐） and ji ji （潗潗） are derived because they have similar pronunciation.