FDI、出口开放与中国省区产业增长

FDI,Export Openness and Provincial Industry Growth in China

本文考察了1999年至2008年中国30个省区26个工业行业的产业增长及其影响因素。经验观察发现,东部地区大多数工业行业的产业增长要高于中西部地区;技术密集型行业和劳动密集型行业的产业增长总体上要高于资本密集型行业和资源密集型行业。计量分析结果表明,外商资本和出口开放显著促进了中国省区产业增长,而低效率的国家资本则妨碍了地区产业规模的扩大。经验研究证实,省区产业增长受到省区地理位置和行业市场依存类型的共同影响,出口需求依存度高的行业,在距离海外市场更近、出口开放度更高的省区,产业增长更快;国内需求依存度高的行业,在市场潜力更大的省区,产业增长更快;进口需求依存度高的行业,在距离国际市场更近的省区,产业增长受到国际竞争压力更大的抑制。本文的结论对促进中国地区协调发展和行业规模的扩大提供了一定的依据。

This paper examines the industry growth and its determinant factors in 30 provinces and 26 industries in China from 1999 to 2008. Empirical observation shows that the growth of most industries in the eastern regions is higher than the central and western regions ; the growth of technology - intensive industries and labor - intensive industries is higher than the capital - intensive industries and resource - intensive industries. The empirical results show that foreign - invested capital and export openness promote significantly the provincial industry growth in China, while the state - owned capital hampers the expansion of regional industry because of its low efficiency. Our empirical research confirms that the provincial industry growth is determined jointly by the geographical location of provinces and the type of industrial market dependence, For the industries with higher dependence on export demand, its growth will be faster in the provinces closer to oversea markets and with higher export openness. For the industries with higher dependence on domestic demand, its growth will be much faster in the provinces with greater market potential. For the industries with higher dependence on import demand, its growth will be suppressed more greatly by the international competition in the provinces closer to the international markets. Oar conclusions provide some evidences for promoting the regional coordinated development and expansion of industry in China.