糖皮质激素对记忆巩固的作用及其神经机制

Effects of of glucocorticoids on memory consolidation and its neural mechanism

背景糖皮质激素（glucocorticoid，GC）在机体的作用范围比较广泛，对学习记忆也能产生影响。目的近年来关于GC增强记忆巩固的神经机制有了进一步的发展，现就近年的进展予以综述。内容在人体和动物的众多研究均提示，去甲肾上腺系统的激活在GC影响记忆的机制中发挥重要的作用，谷氨酸及其受体、内源性大麻素也参与其中。GC对记忆巩固的调节主要通过基底外侧杏仁核（the basolateral complex of the amygdale，BLA）及BLA与其他脑区的相互作用而实现，且不同的麻醉药物对应激反应的影响也不相同。趋向深入研究GC对人体认知功能的影响，有助于揭示认知功能障碍的发生机制，有利于临床工作者制定有效的预防及治疗方案。

Background Glucocorticoids（GC） have powerful influence on many physiological functions, including learning and memory. Objective This article is to review the recent studies about the effects of GC on the memory consolidation. Content Considerable evidence both in human and animals reveals that GC enhance the consolidation of memory through interactions with the noradrenergic system of the basolateral complex of the amygdala （BLA）. The amygdala, when activated, influences a variety of other brain structures, including the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus, then modulates memory consolidation. Glutamic acid, endocannabinoids and their receptors are also involved in the neural mechanism indicated by recent researches. According to recent studies, the effects on stress reaction are different among the anaesthetic. Trend Further research about the influence of corticosteroids on cognitive function would be helpful to reveal the mechanism of some cognitive dysfunctions, and clinicians could set effective measures to prevent and treat these diseases according to the theory.