生物措施防治土壤盐渍化的机理及研究进展

Mechanism and Progression of Amending Salt Affected Soil using Biological Measures

干旱、半干旱灌区土壤的次生盐渍化已严重影响农业的可持续发展和当地及周边地区的生态环境.本文简要介绍了国内外盐渍土的分布状况,次生盐渍土形成缘由和各种治理措施的优势和存在的问题;详细阐述了生物措施治理土壤次生盐渍化的机理,即灌水在盐渍地脱盐中起主导作用,茂密的植物地上冠层减缓了土壤的积盐速度,植物吸收的土壤盐分随着收获而被移除,植物地下根系改善了土壤的理化、生物学性质,有利于土壤的脱盐和减弱土壤的盐碱性;最后,简要回顾了国内利用生物措施治理盐渍化的研究现状和存在的问题,并提出今后的研究方向(豆禾混播防治土壤退化).

Agricultural sustainable development and ecological environment of arid and semi-arid irrigated areas have been seriously impacted by soil salinification.This article briefly introduced the distribution of salt affected soil at home and abroad,reasons of generating soil secondary salinification,and advantages and problems of different treatment measures.It described in detail the mechanism of treating salt affected soil using phyrtoremediation,namely irrigation occupied a leading role in soil desalination,dense plant canopy layer slowed down accumulation speed of soil soluble salt,the soluble salt ion contents in plant were removed with crop harvesting,plant roots improved physic-chemical and biological properties of soil,this was favourable to decreasing soil soluble salt content,and to weakening soil saline and alkaline properties.Finally,the article briefly reviewed progression and problems of amending salt affected soil using biological measures,and also gave the field of research in the future（preventing soil degradation using grasslegume mixtures）.