某水力发电站职业病危害与控制措施分析

Analysis of occupational hazards and control measure in the hydropower station

目的识别某水力发电站运行过程中的职业病危害因素,分析其危害程度并评价防护措施效果。方法采用现场调查和工作场所有害因素检测对危害因素及控制措施进行分析。结果车间存在噪声、化学毒物、工频电场、放射性氡等职业病危害因素。检测结果显示各工作地点噪声强度为56.3～112.3 dB(A),超过85 dB(A)的检测点占20.4%;工频电场强度和二氧化碳、硫酸、氨、硫化氢等化学毒物的浓度低于职业接触限值;氡浓度范围为14.5～32.5 Bq/m3,低于采取补救行动的活度浓度。结论该水电站针对化学毒物、工频电场和放射性氡采取了有效的控制措施,但针对噪声危害的控制措施还需持续完善。

Objective To identify the occupational hazards and analyze hazard control effect in the hydropower station. Methods Field investigation and monitoring were applied for the analysis. Results The main occupational hazards in the workplace were noise, chemical poisons, power frequency electric field and radioactive radon. Monitoring results showed that noise intensities ranged from 56. 3 to 112. 3 dB（A） with a exceeding rate of 20.4%. Intensities of power frequency electric field and concentrations of carbon dioxide, sulfuric acid, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide were below occupational exposure lim- its. Activity concentrations of radon were lower than remedial action ranged from 14. 5 to 32. 5 Bq/m3. Conclusion The protective measures on chemical poisons, power frequency electric field and radioactive radon are feasible and effective, but persistent effective measures should be taken to control the risk of noise.