西周趋向动词的类型学考察

On Directional Verbs used in the West Zhou Dunasty

文章以周原甲骨、西周金文和《诗经》的趋向动词为研究对象,进行了穷尽性的分析统计。周原甲骨和西周金文中的趋向动词与《诗经》趋向动词的主要语法功能是相同的,当时民族共同语已在一定程度上形成。同时,《诗经》趋向动词的语法功能明显比周原甲骨和西周金文趋向动词更为丰富且灵活。《诗经》语言反映的是周代民族共同语,其深受商民族语言的影响,而周原甲骨文和西周金文则是周民族语言的典型代表。西周趋向动词可与其它动词构成连动式,能带宾语,但不带宾语的情况更为常见。趋向连动式仍以趋向动词位于其它动词之前为主,位于其它动词之后的仅一见。

An analysis of directional verbs uses in inscriptions on bones and ancient bronze objects in the Pre-Qin period found that, with other verbs, directional verbs form the serial verb constructions that frequently governs no grammatical objects. Moreover, directional verbs are predominantly positioned before other verbs.