试论民国前期货币金融变革成效

Discussion on the Revolution of Effectives of Monetary and Financial in Early Republic of China

中华民国前期系指在七七事变前得到各国承认的"北京北洋政府"和"南京国民政府"。北洋政府存在共计十四年,其内阁像走马灯似地共换了三十二任,每任不足半年。但在货币金融变革中,改组整顿中国银行和交通银行,发展民族资本银行和钱庄,开办信托公司和交易所,规范国币抑制滥发军票私钞均有所建树。国民政府前期实际统治只有十年光景,曾经建立了一套较为完整的货币金融体系。如"废两改圆"是符合经济发展规律的,在当时也是有积极意义的。特别是,推行法币的金汇兑本位制改革是成功的。虽然经历曲曲折折,但可以说是顺应了世界币制现状。

Early Republic of China refers to the recognized Beiyang Government and National Government before July 7th incident.Beiyang Government has been existed fourteen years,replaced 32 cabinet office,any less than six months per.In the revolution of monetary financial,it was effective to restructure and certificate Bank of China and Bank of Communications,to develop capital bank and other banks,to set up load and trust company and exchange,to regulate currency,to restrain excessive military vote and private currency.Early national government dominated ten years only,and established a complete system of monetary financial.The abolition of Liang and transforming yuan was according with economic development law,it had positive meaning at the time.Especially,carrying out the revolution of legal currency in gold exchange standard was successful,although the process was tortuous,conformed the status of world currency system.