不同株型和化感作用特性水稻对3种稻田主要杂草的干扰控制作用

Interference of Different Morphological Types and Allelopathic Rice Materials with Three Principal Paddy Weeds

采用裂区试验设计,以接种无芒稗、水莎草和鸭舌草等3种田间主要杂草和不接种杂草为主处理,10份不同株型和化感作用特性的水稻材料为副处理,研究不同株型和化感作用特性水稻对3种杂草的干扰控制作用。结果表明,水稻化感种质吓一跳对无芒稗地上部分干重的抑制作用最强,早杂中9A/602、早籼浙101和TN1也表现较好的抑制作用。中早22对水莎草的干扰控制作用最强,早籼浙101和吓一跳对水莎草也表现较好的干扰控制效果,中早27对水莎草的抑制作用较弱。中9A/602、早籼浙101、吓一跳、IR644-1-63-1-1对鸭舌草的干扰控制作用较强,谷梅2号和中早27对鸭舌草的干扰控制作用较弱。吓一跳对3种供试杂草的地上部分总干重抑制作用在50%以上,与IR644-1-63-1-1、PI312777、TN1和谷梅2号的抑制作用差异显著。早杂中9A/602和早籼浙101对3种供试杂草地上部分总干重的抑制作用达40%以上,显示了较强的干扰控制能力,与谷梅2号差异显著。杂草竞争干扰与无草对照间水稻株高、有效穗数、穗长、每穗总粒数差异显著,但结实率和千粒重差异不显著。与无草对照相比,吓一跳在3种杂草竞争干扰下,株高增加3.64%,而中9A/7491、TN1和谷梅2号的株高比无草对照降低10%以上。3种杂草竞争干扰下,10份供试水稻材料的有效穗数与无草对照相比均降低,其中TN1、谷梅2号、PI312777、中早22、中早27、中9A/602有效穗数均降低50%以上,吓一跳降低幅度最小,为16.86%。3种杂草竞争干扰导致水稻有效穗数显著降低,是水稻减产的主要原因。

The present study was carried out to investigate the allelopathic abilities of the tested rice materials on the three main paddy field weeds using split design with three replications. Two weed planting patterns, using relay transplanting three weeds, Echinochloa crs-galli, Juncellus serotinus, and Monochoria vaginalis, and without weed infestation, were taken as two main treatments, along with ten different morphological type and allelopathic rice materials as split treatments. The results showed that the superb allelopathic rice material, Xiayitiao, had the strongest ability to suppress the aboveground dry weight of barnyardgrass. Early indica hybrid rice Zhong 9A/602 and early rice Zaoxianzhe 101, also exhibited inhibitory effect on the aboveground dry weight of barnyardgrass. Rice allelopathic material, TN1, having allelopathic effect on several weeds, Echinochloa crs-galli, Tri- anthema portulacastrum, Heteranthera limosa, and Ammannia coccinea, also could control the aboveground dry weight of barnyardgrass effectively. The allelopathic effects of different morphological as well allelopathic rice materials on plant height of bamyardgrass were not significantly different. This indicated that rice materials could inhibit effectively the aboveground dry weight of barnyardgrass mainly by suppressing its tillering ability. Rice allelopathic material, TN1, could not control the growth ofJuncellus serotinus effectively, however, rice material, Zhongzao 22 had the strongest ability to control the growth of the weed effectively among the tested rice materials. Rice material, Zaoxianzhe 101, along with the superb allelopathic rice material, Xiay- itiao, also suppressed Juncellus serotinus effectively while rice material, Zhongzao 22, could not inhibit the weed growth effec- tively, despite of conferring taller plant height. Early indica hybrid rice, Zhong 9A/602, and early indica rice Zaoxianzhe 101, along with rice allelopathic materials, Xiayitiao and IR644-1-633-1-1 showed significant inhibitory effects on Monochoria vaginalis, while rice allelopathic material, Gumei 2, and rice material, Zhongzao 27, did not suppress the weed significantly. The inhibitory effects of different morphological and allelopathic rice materials on the overall aboveground dry weight of the three weeds were significantly different. The superb allelopathic rice material, Xiayitiao, reduced the aboveground dry weight of the three weeds more than 50%, which was significantly different from those of four other allelopathic rice materials, IR644-1-63-1-1, PI312777, TN1, and Gumei 2 who did not show significantly adverse effects. Rice materials, early indica hybrid rice Zhong 9A/602 and early indica rice Zaoxianzhe 101 reduced the total aboveground dry weight of the tested weeds over 40% compared with the control. The plant height, number of efficient panicle, panicle length and total spikelets per panicle of rice materials showed a significant difference between treatments of weed competition and without weed infestation. The seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight were not remarkably different between treatments of weed competition and without weed disturbance. Com- pared with the control without weed interference, the plant height of elite allelopathic rice material Xiayitiao increased 3.64% under the disturbance of three weeds, while on the contrary, those of indica hybird rice Zhong 9A/9791 and allelopathic rice mate- rials 1N 1 and Gumei 2 decreased more than 10%. The efficient panicles of all of the rice materials tested under weed competition reduced significantly than those of the control, among them those of TN1, Gumei 2, PI312777, Zhongzao 22, Zhongzao 27, and Zhong 9A/602 decreased more than 50%. The peculiar rice allelopathic material Xiayitiao only showed 16.86% decreases. All kinds of weed competition decreased panicle number of the tested rice materials significantly; suggesting the main reason for declining rice productivity.