3种短日照依赖型地被菊光周期调控研究

Studies on Florescence Control by Short-day Treatment in 3 Kinds of Short-day Dependent Ground-cover Chrysanthemum

为实现花期调控,以"毛白玉"、"紫娇"和"大红"3个花期不同的短日照依赖型地被菊为试验材料,对其进行20d、30d、40d、50d短日照处理,自然光照为对照,观察不同短日照处理对不同地被菊成花的影响。结果表明,适宜的短日照处理可有效提前地被菊开花时间,其中"毛白玉"短日照处理30d以上可提前开花,盛花期提前22d;"紫娇"和"大红"短日照处理50d可提前开花,盛花期分别提前39d和54d。短日照处理对3个品种的开花数量影响达显著水平;对"紫娇"和"大红"的株高有显著影响;不同处理间各品种花径差异不显著。短日照处理条件下,"紫娇"、"大红"花序发生明显褪色现象。且棚内温度略高于棚外温度,而不同土层温差不明显。综上所述,只有了解各品种的短日照诱导开花的天数,并在短日照处理期间采取一定降温措施,才能准确预定花期,为杂交授粉的高效进行提供保证。

In order to understand the impact of different short-day treatments on the flowering,three short-day dependent Ground-cover Chrysanthemum,＇Maobaiyu＇,＇Zijiao＇ and ＇Dahong＇,were selected as experimental materials and were treated with short-day for 20 d,30 d,40 d and 50 d.The results showed that chrysanthemum flowering time could be effectively advanced by the appropriate short-day treatment.Specifically,when treated with short-day over 30 d,the early flowering period,full-bloom stage,withering period of ＇Mao bai yu＇ were brought forward on 27 d,22 d and 25 d,respectively.When conducted short-day treatment with ＇Zijiao＇ and ＇Dahong＇ for 50 d,they could bloom earlier,while with the treatment for 30 d and 40 d floral reversion was observed.Early flowering season,full-bloom stage,end flowering stage of ＇Zijiao＇ were advanced for 44 d,39 d and 35 d,respectively with the treatment.Florescence,full-bloom stage,withering period of ＇Dahong＇ were earlier for 51 d,54 d and 45 d,respectively.Short-day treatment didn＇t affect the plant height of ＇Mao Baiyu＇ significantly but that of ＇Zijiao＇ and ＇Dahong＇ with treatment for 30d,40d and 50d were significantly higher than the control.The number of blooming flowers were various in a great level among different treatments of ＇Maobaiyu＇,＇Zijiao＇ and ＇Dahong＇,where the quantity of flowers of ＇MaoBaiyu＇ with treatments for 30 d,40 d and 50 d were significantly smaller than the control.The numbers of flowers of ＇Zijiao＇ and ＇Dahong＇ with treatments of 40 d and 50 d were prominently less than CK.The flower diameters of different treatments were insignificantly different.Among all Ground-cover Chrysanthemum that bloomed earlier with short-day treatment,the color of flower of ＇Zijiao＇ and ＇Dahong＇ were faded.Due to the short-day treatment,the temperature in green house was slightly higher than the outside,while there was no obvious difference among temperatures in different soil layers.