“唐宋派”辨略——兼说文学流派研究中的称名问题

An Analysis of Tang-song School and the Names in Literary Genre Studies

归有光、唐顺之、王慎中、茅坤,历来被称为"唐宋派",近年来又有学者将他们称为"崇宋派"或"崇道派"。不同的称名反映了论者不同的认识角度,也是归唐王茅诸子复杂文学观念的折射。归唐王茅一直崇尚先秦两汉,同时又特别标举唐宗,尤其是其中的欧曾,而其根本则在反对李何七子尚秦汉轻唐宋、忽视道艺、片面模仿文辞及其聱牙艰深、啴缓卑弱的文风。其文学观念较为复杂,但中心仍然较为突出。任何一个流派命名都难逃削足适履之嫌,相对说来,在诸种对归唐王茅的称名中还是"唐宋派"与他们的文学主张更为契合。

GUI Youguang, TANG Shunzhi, WANG Shenzhong and MAO Kun have traditionally been called as Tang-song school. In recent years, they were classified into Chong-song school or Chong-dao school by some scholars. Different names reflect different perspectives and these four famous writers＇ complex view of literature. Comparatively speaking, among these names, Tang-song school conforms to their literary ideas better.