弘扬中华“智德”文化——以先秦孔、孟、荀儒家为据的讨论

Carrying forward the Chinese “intellectual and moral”culture——based on the Confucianism ideas of Confucius,Mencius, and Hsun Tzu of the pre-Qin periods

首先针对"智德的意义与界说"分别探讨先秦儒家孔、孟、荀三子之个别论述,呈现出三子思想之差异。其次,指出三子之"智德"实作为一种与"仁德"并举之德。再者,针对荀子所提之"知/智"的三层说:"使从知己"、"知人"、"自知",来反省说明"智德"虽意在"知人"实则奠基于隐而未显之"自知",以此作为孔孟荀儒家关于知/智问题的基调。

Based on the ＂significance and ideas of intelligence and morality＂, firstly this paper discusses the ideas of Confucius, Mencius, and Hsun Tzu of the pre-Qin periods respectively and analyzes the difference in ideas of the three ideologists. Then this paper points out that the idea of ＂intelligence and morality＂ is actually a parallel ideology of ＂kindheartedness＂. Thirdly, according to the treble aspects of ＂knowledge and intelligence＂ of Hsun Tzu, that is, ＂to be aware＂, ＂to be aware of the others＂ and ＂to be aware of himself＂, this paper explains that although the idea of ＂intelligence and morality＂ apparently aims at ＂to be aware of the others＂ , in fact, in essence it aims at ＂to be aware of himself＂ which is the fundamental key of ＂intelligence and morality＂ of the Confucianism ideas of Confucius, Mencius, and Hsun Tzu.