满足日益增长的多层次养老服务需求探析

Exploring the Ways of Meeting the Growing Multilevel Pension Service Demands

人口老龄化加快,必然产生日益增长的多样化、多层次养老服务需求。公立养老机构不仅数量有限,而且满足的大多是"权贵"阶层的需求,未能有效发挥"托底"功能,百姓"进不去";营利性养老机构由于发展不充分,导致量少价高,百姓根本住不起;各种非营利性社会养老机构,虽然适合中低收入者需求,但由于发展不足,百姓经常"寻不着"。在世界日益追求包容性发展的今天,中国应该鼓励各类养老机构全面协调发展:公立养老机构需要走出权贵,走进百姓;营利性养老机构,应该放开发展,同时加强监管;社会性养老机构,则应在政府支持下,各方共举,并按照"社会企业"模式运营,以保证持续发展。

The rapid acceleration of population ageing inevitably calls for increasingly diverse and multilevel pension services The fact that public pension institutions are not only limited in number, but also merely meet the needs of most ＂dignitary＂ class, results in the failure in playing an underpinning part in this regard, making those institutions inaccessible to common people. Moreover, they cannot afford for-profit pension organizations which are expensive and few due to their underdevelop ment. Furthermore, non-profit social organizations which can satisfy the demands of people with middle and low income are scarcely available to common people due to the retarded development. Nowadays, inclusive developments are increasingly de- manded and therefore, organizations of any kind should be encouraged to develop in a comprehensive and coordinated fashion. Public pension institutions should serve not only ＂dignitary＂ class but also common people. For-profit pension institutions should be open to development and in strict regulation. Social pension institutions can be jointly set up with the government＇ s support and run according to the model of ＂social business＂ in an attempt to ensure sustainable development.