不同类型滴灌专用肥对棉花根系生长及产量的调节

Effect of special fertilizer of drip irrigation on cotton root growth and yield

在新疆气候生态条件下,选用高产棉花品系293和710为试材,采用田间小区对比试验,探讨膜下滴灌条件不同类型固体滴灌专用肥对棉花根系生长及产量的调节。结果表明:与对照相比,滴灌专用肥显著增加了根系生物量及根系活力,其中有机无机肥处理显著增加了40～100 cm土层以下根系的分布比例及根系活力,降低了根冠比,促使光合产物较多向地上部分配比例,尤其向生殖器官分配的比例增加,单株结铃数、单铃重和籽棉产量较高。品种间,293品系籽棉产量表现为有机无机肥处理>生物肥处理>无机肥处理>CK,710品系则表现为有机无机肥处理>无机肥处理>生物肥处理>CK。因此,依据不同品种对不同类型滴灌肥敏感性的差异,结合滴灌棉田土壤水分和养分可控性强的特点,制定相应滴灌专用肥随水施肥方案,对实现膜下滴灌棉田节水高产高效具有重要意义。

A field plot culture experiment was conducted under the ecological and climatic condition of Xinjiang to study the effect of special fertilizer of drip irrigation on root growth,vigor and yield of cotton with the cultivar 293 and 710 with high yield.The results showed that compared with the control,the special fertilizer of drip irrigation had significantly increased root biomass and root activity,especially the organic-inorgaic fertilizer had significantly increased the root biomass and vigour in layer of 40～100 cm soil layer.Furthermore,it reduced the root/shoot ratio and increased the distribution percentage of photosynthetic assimilates in aerial part,especially in the reproductive organs increased that led to high yield of cotton.The differences of response to special fertilizer of drip irrigation among varieties were great,seed yield of 293 in different treatment showed the organic-inorgaic fertilizer〉bio fertilizer〉inorganic fertilizer〉control.However,seed yield of 293 in different treatment showed the organic-inorgaic fertilizer〉inorganic fertilizer〉bio fertilizer〉control.Therefore,it would be of great importance to institute the optimum fertilization schedule,according to the differences of response to special fertilizer of drip irrigation among varieties for abstaining high yield and high water use efficiency.