豫东平原砂土地种植强筋小麦氮肥施用技术研究

Eastern Henan plain sand land cultivation of strong gluten wheat nitrogen fertilizer technology research

为了在次适宜种植区的砂土地上栽培强筋小麦提高产量并改善品质,采用常规田间试验及统计分析方法并结合品质测定进行研究。结果表明,在豫东平原砂土地上种植强筋小麦,在施用一定量磷钾肥的基础上,施氮75～375 kg/hm2,增产19.7%～63.5%,平均增产47.7%;籽粒蛋白质含量提高0.9～2.5个百分点,平均相对提高15.7%。以300 kg/hm2施氮量增产效应及对籽粒品质和面粉加工品质性状的改善作用最优,该施氮量的氮磷钾配比(N:P2O5:K2O)为2:1:1.2。在施氮总量均为300 kg/hm2的试验条件下,采取"底追均衡供应"(底、追肥量各占50%)、"追肥两次分配"(拔节期追施30%、孕穗期追施20%),即"532"施肥模式,使强筋小麦产量和品质因素更为协调,在豫东砂土区现行生产、生态及技术条件下,可作为种植强筋小麦实现高产优质目标,氮肥合理分配和运筹的主要技术措施。

In order to increase production and improve the quality of strong gluten wheat that grown in the sand on the ground suitable for planting area,conventional field trials and statistical analysis methods which was combined with quality test were conducted.The results showed that,cultivation of strong gluten wheat in eastern Henan plain sand on the ground,on the base of application of a certain amount of P and K,application of nitrogen 75～375 kg/hm2,increased yield 19.7%～63.5%,with an average yield increased 47.7%;Grain protein content increased 0.9～2.5 centesimal point,with an average relativeincrease of 15.7%300 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilization the amount of stimulation effect and the improvement of grain quality and flour processing quality traits optimal,the nitrogen application ratio of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium（N∶P2O5∶K2O）was 2∶1∶1.2.Nitrogen fertilizer total of 300 kg/hm2 test conditions,by means of “base fertilizer and topdressing equilibrium supply”（the percentage of both base fertilizer and topdressing was 50%）,“the topdressing twice distribution”（the percentage of topdressing in shooting stage was 30%,in booting stage was 20%）,which was“532” fertilization mode,wheat yield and quality factors more coordinated.This method could be used in the eastern Henan sand area current production,ecological and technical conditions for the purpose of high yield and quality of cultivation strong gluten wheat as nitrogen distribution of the main technical measures.