营养液浓度和用量对醋糟基质栽培番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

Effects of different nutrition solution concentrations and amount on plant growth,yield and fruit quality of tomato in vinegar residue substrate

以番茄‘合作906’为试材,采用醋糟基质桶栽的方法,研究了不同营养液浓度和用量对番茄植株生长和果实产量及品质的影响,并对栽培基质化学性状的变化进行了测试。实验设0、1/4、1/2、3/4倍4个Hoagland营养液浓度和600、900、1 200 mL/次3个用量,共12个处理。结果表明:在番茄营养生长期和开花期,醋糟栽培基质的pH值降低,变化范围在6.79～6.29之间;基质的EC值增大,变化范围在1.50～2.77 mS/cm之间。醋糟混配基质中只浇清水不能满足植株生长需求,1/4倍Hoagland营养液900 mL/次用量对番茄植株生长最有利,且开花期对营养液需求增大,但1/2倍浓度、900 mL/次施用量番茄果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量都最高,又以1/2倍浓度1 200 mL/次处理产量最高。结果说明,醋糟混配基质栽培番茄的最佳水肥管理方式为:营养生长期浇灌1/4倍的Hoagland营养液可促进番茄植株的生长,并在开花期略提高营养液的用量,结果期可用1/2倍的Hoagland、900～1 200 mL/次施用量以提高果实的品质和产量。

Tomato plants were cultivated in a bucket containing vinegar residue substrate. We studied the effects of different nutrient solution concentrations and amount on tomato plant growth and fruit quality and chemical properties. The experimental set 0,1/4,1/2,3/4 four Hoagland nutrient solution concentration and each pour 600,900,1 200 mL three dosageThe results showed that the pH of cultural medium decreased and the range of these changes were between 679 to 629. The EC values of the substrate increased and these changes were between 150 to 277 mS/cm1/4 Hoagland treatment was the most favorable for the growth of tomato,but it demanded more nutrient solution at flowering stage. The contents of soluble solids,soluble sugar and soluble protein were highest in tomato fruit under treatment 1/2 Hoagland by adding 900 mL solution. These results suggested that the best management style of tomato cultivated in vinegar residue substrate was adding 1/4 Hoagland 900 mL. At fruiting period adding 1/2 Hoagland 900～1 200 mL nutrient solution could improve fruit quality and yield.