利用扫描电镜研究“南澳Ⅰ号”出水古木材的降解

Study on deterioration of waterlogged archaeological wood salvaged from Nanao No.1 shipwreck by scanning electron micros-copy (SEM)

出水古木材作为有机质材料,在海底环境中极易遭受物理、化学、生物等因素的影响而发生降解。本文利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察"南澳Ⅰ号"古沉船木材样品的微观结构,初步研究了微生物降解"南澳Ⅰ号"古沉船出水古木材的状况;并通过观察出水古木材内部的盐结晶,分析其对出水古木材降解的影响,同时推测其形成原因:一方面是海水的盐分渗入结晶,另一方面是微生物降解木材后引起生物矿化的结果。这些研究将为出水古木材的下一步保护研究提供重要的信息。

Waterlogged archaeological wood easily suffers from microbial degradation.The microstructure of the waterlogged archaeological wood salvaged from Nanao No,1 shipwreck in South China Sea was studied by using Scanning electron micros-copy（SEM）.The results show that soft-rot fungi and erosion bacteria were the main degraders of archaeological waterlogged in water,some cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were heavily degraded,and salts crystals were also found in the waterlogged archaeological wood,one of the causes of the waterlogged archaeological wood formation is that it comes from the seabed,the other is that the bio-mineralization caused by microbial degradation.The findings can provide some important information that is needed to choose appropriate conservation measures.