现代汉语典型助动词“要”字的句法功能研究

A Functional Syntactic Study of the Modern Chinese “Auxiliary”Yao

本文从系统功能语言学内部的加的夫语法视角,探讨了现代汉语典型助动词"要"字的句法功能,旨在为汉语助动词的判断提供一个可操作的标准。研究得出:"要"字在说明小句操作词或助动词成分时,其功能与汉语助动词的典型或附加用法一致,而在说明主要动词和粘合词成分时,其功能与汉语助动词的普遍用法不一致。进而,文章提出可以把是否能在小句中说明操作词成分而表达情态意义、极性意义或人际意义,作为判定汉语助动词的主要标准。

Within the framework of the Cardiff Grammar — a model of Systemic Functional Linguistics,the paper explores the syntactic functions of the modern Chinese＂auxiliary＂yao in an attempt to offer feasible criteria for the defining of ＂auxiliary＂in Chinese.The research shows that when yao expounds the Operator or Auxiliary element of the clause,it can be defined as ＂auxiliary＂,but that when yao expounds the Main Verb or Binder element,it cannot be defined as ＂auxiliary＂.Furthermore,the paper proposes that if a Chinese item expounds the Operator and realizes a certain modal,polar or interpersonal meaning in the clause,it should be taken as a Chinese＂auxiliary＂.