不同等级医院外科医生职业紧张分析

Analysis on occupational stress of surgeons of different grade of hospitals

目的探讨不同等级医院外科医生的职业紧张。方法采用流行病学调查方法,使用职业紧张测量工具测量职业紧张因素、紧张缓解因素和紧张反应,调查年龄、差别、文化程度、医院等级、周平均工作时间等一般情况。数据分别用χ2检验、方差分析、逐步回归模型进行分析。结果三甲医院外科医生组工作环境、工作冲突、行为方式得分高于二甲医院组,工作危险、工作前景、工作心理紧张源得分低于二甲医院组(P<0.05),缓解因素中提升与参与机会三甲医院组高于二甲医院组(P<0.05),紧张反应中工作满意感、心理卫生、心身症状得分三甲医院组高于二甲医院组(P<0.05)。逐步回归分析显示,三甲医院外科医生紧张反应的主要影响因素有社会支持、与工作无关活动、工龄、工作角色、工作危险、工作前景、性别、工作控制、工作环境、年龄、周平均工作时间;影响二甲医院外科医生紧张反应的主要因素有周平均工作时间、工作危险、工作环境、工作前景、工作角色、社会支持、提升与参与机会、工作控制、工作单调性、行为方式、工作需求、婚姻状况。结论不同等级医院外科医生职业紧张水平分布不同,应采取具有针对性的措施降低其职业紧张。

Objective To investigate the difference of occupational stress in surgeons from different level of hospitals.Methods The study was a epidemiological survey,occupational stress questionnaire was used to investigate stressors,stress relieving factors and strain reaction,additionally,other situation such as age,sex,educational level,hospital level and average weekly working hours of the subjects were collected as well.χ2 test,variance analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used in the statistics analysis.Results It was found that the scores of physical environment,work conflicts,behavior fashion,opportunities of promotion and participation,job satisfaction,mental health,psychosomatic symptoms in surgeons from Class-A of Third grade hospitals were higher than of those from Class-A of Second grade hospitals（P0.05）.The regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing surgeons＇ job strain in Class-A of Third grade A hospitals were social support,non-work activities,seniority,job role,job hazards,job future,gender,job control,the physical environment,age,average weekly working hours etc.,while the main influencing factors in surgeons of Class-A of Second grade hospitals included average weekly working hours,job hazards,physical environment,job future,job role,social support,participation opportunities,job control,job monotony,behavior fashion,work demand,marital status etc.Conclusion The results suggested that distribution of occupational stress level in surgeons of different grade hospital was different therefore,intervention measures for reducing their occupational stress should be specific and targeted.