西安市近30年城市热岛效应特征分析

Characteristics of Urban Heat Island Over Xi'an in Recent 30 Years

利用1981—2010年西安市区和周围6区县(周至、户县、长安、高陵、临潼、蓝田)年平均、最高、最低气温资料以及有代表性的区域自动站气温资料,分析了西安城市热岛效应变化和市区存在的明显热岛中心区.结果表明:1981—2010年3种气温的城郊、城乡差总体上均呈逐年增加趋势,以最低气温增温最为明显,各季节增温速率均为春季最强,与20世纪80年代、90年代相比,21世纪前10年西安城市热岛效应尤为显著;根据2008—2010年区域自动站气温资料分析,发现西安市区的丰庆路预备役、西安电子科技大学、市中心钟楼站气温明显较高,为市区热岛中心区.

Based on average annual maximum and minimum temperature data over Xi＇an city and the surrounding 6 counties from 1981 to 2010 and on the representative regional automatic station temperature materials from 2008 to 2010, the changes or urban heat island are analyzed. There exists an obvious heat center. The results showed that the differences of the three kinds of temperature among Suburb, urban and reral areas are getting conspicuous from 1981 to 2010 with a rise in minimum temperature. The urban heat island was the strongest in spring. Compared with the 1980s and 1990s,the first decade of 21st century was the most prominent. According to regional automatic station temperature data from 2008 to 2010, the Fengqing road reserve, Xi＇an University of Electronic Science and Technology and Bell Tower belong to the central region of the urban heat island.