迁西板栗主栽品种授粉组合的优化

Experiment on Screening Pollination Varieties for Main Castanea mollissima Varieties in Yan Mountain

板栗自花授粉结实率低,为提高板栗产量和品质,选用燕山地区燕山短枝、燕龙等7个优良品种(系)对河北省迁西县板栗主栽品种燕山早丰和大板红进行人工授粉,通过调查座苞率、结实率、出实率、每苞坚果数等结实情况和测定单果重、可溶性糖、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、脂肪和蛋白质等果实品质,分析不同授粉组合的经济性状,以期优化迁西主栽板栗授粉组合。结果表明:与自花授粉相比,异花授粉显著改善了燕山早丰和大板红的结实情况和果实品质。其中,迁西15号与燕山早丰和大板红授粉均可提高栗仁糖含量;迁西15号与燕山早丰授粉还能获得大粒坚果。迁西14号与燕山早丰授粉,可提高果仁糯性,但脂肪含量较高。综合现代人们的消费观念,注重提高单果重、糯性和含糖量,迁西15号与迁西板栗主栽品种燕山早丰和大板红是最适授粉组合。

The experiment of screening pollination varieties on 2 chestnut varieties（＇Yanshanzaofeng＇,＇Dabanhong＇）,which are the main varieties in the Qianxi County,were carried out.Seven excellent pollination varieties were selected for artificial pollination,namely ＇Yanshanzaofeng＇,＇Dabanhong＇,＇Yanshanduanzhi＇,＇Yanlong＇,＇Zunyu＇,＇Qianxi14＇,＇Qianxi15＇.In order to screen good pollination varieties for＇Yanshanzaofeng＇and＇Dabanhong＇,effects of different pollination varieties on rate of bar setting,rate of nut in bar,nut rate,nut number in bar were investigated.In addition the fruit quality was studied.The results showed that fruiting and fruit quality of cross-pollination combinations differd significantly from that of self-pollination combinations.＇Qianxi15＇obviously improved the content of soluble sugar and nut size of＇Yanshanzaofeng＇.＇Qianxi15＇also significantly improved the content of soluble sugar and nut size of＇Dabanhong＇.＇Qianxi14＇with＇Yanshanzaofeng＇for female significantly improved the glutinosity of＇Yanshanzaofeng＇,but increased the intent of fat.Taking modern people＇s consumption concept into cosideration to improve nut size,glutinosity and sugar content,＇Qianxiyouxi15＇was the optimum pollinator for＇Yanshanzaofeng＇and＇Dabanhong＇.