高职护理学生死亡态度调查

Investigation and analysis of attitudes of nursing students in higher vocational towards death

目的调查分析高职护生死亡态度现状及相关影响因素。方法采用死亡态度描绘修定量表对陕西省某高校324名高职护生进行问卷调查。内容包括调查对象的身心健康状况、家庭讨论死亡的情况、家庭形态及排行、宗教、有无自杀念头、接触大众媒体关于死亡报道情况、阅读死亡书籍情况、死亡恐惧、死亡逃避、自然接受、趋近接受、逃离接受等情况。数据运用SPSS16．0进行数据录入和统计分析，统计描述用均数和标准差，统计推断用t检验和方差分析。结果①高职护生在自然接受维度上的总均分（3．93±0．55）最高。②在逃避接受维度上，身心健康状况极佳和佳的护生得分低于身心健康状况一般的护生（F=4．80，P=0．009）；单亲家庭的护生得分高于其他家庭形态（F=4．59，P=0．004）；有过自杀念头的护生得分高于无自杀念头的护生（t=-4．77，P=0．000）。在死亡逃避维度上，家庭中公开讨论的护生得分低于家庭中从未讨论死亡和必要时才谈的护生（F=6．88，P=0．001）。在自然接受维度上，有宗教信仰的护生不易自然接受死亡现实（t=2．52，P=0．012）；曾接触过大众传播媒体关于死亡报道的护生得分较高（t=-3．85，P=0．000）。在趋近接受维度上，曾接触过大众传播媒体关于死亡报道的护生得分较高（t=-3．48，P=0．001）。结论高职护生多数能自然接受死亡现实，身心健康状况、家庭谈论死亡情况、家庭形态、宗教信仰、自杀念头、接触大众媒体关于死亡报道情况对高职护生的死亡态度均有一定影响。

Objective To investigate and analyze the attitudes of higher vocational nursing stu- dents toward death and the related effect factors. Methods Totally 324 nursing students in a higher vocational school in Shaanxi province were investigated with death attitude profile-revised scale. Contents of investigation included physical and mental health status, family members＇ attitude towards death, fam- ily form and ranking, religion, presence of suicidal thoughts, exposure to mass media reports about death, reading books about death, death fear, death escape, natural acceptance, approach acceptance, avoid- ance acceptance, etc. SPSS 16.0 was used for data entry and statistic analysis, mean and standard devia- tion for statistical description, t test and variance analysis for statistical inference. Results ①Higher vocational nursing students got the highest average score （ 3.93 ± 0.55 ） in the dimension of natural accep- tance.②In the dimension of avoidance acceptance, the scores of nursing students with excellent and good physical and mental health were significantly lower than those of students with general physical and mental health （ F=4.80, P=-0.009 ） ; the scores of nursing students in single parent family were significantly higher than those of students in other family forms （ F=4.59, P=0.004 ） ; the scores of nursing students with suicidal thoughts were significantly higher than those of students without （ t=-4.77, P=-0.000 ）. In the dimension of death avoidance, the scores of nursing students whose family discussed death openly were significantly lower than those of students whose family never done so （ F=6.88,P=-0.001 ）. In the dimen- sion of natural acceptance, the scores of nursing students with religious beliefs were significantly lower than those of students without （ t=2.52, P=-0.012 ） ; the scores of nursing students who gained information of death from mass media were significantly higher than those of nursing students who never done so. （ t=-3.85, P=-0.000 ） ,which was the same in the dimension of approach acceptance （ t=-3.48, P=-0.001 ）. Conclusions The majority of higher vocational nursing students can naturally accept death reality. Atti- tude of higher vocational nursing students toward death are influenced by physical and mental health, discussing death in family, family form, religious belief, suicidal thought and news or report about death from the mass media.