藏药甘青青兰与藏荆芥的生药鉴别研究

Pharmacognosy Identification Study of Tibetan Medicine Dracocephalum Tanguticum Maxim. and Nepeta Angustifolia C.Y.Wu

目的对藏药甘青青兰与混淆品藏荆芥进行比较,为区别用药和进一步研究甘青青兰奠定基础。方法比较甘青青兰与藏荆芥的基源植物、药材形状、细胞组织解剖学特征并进行TLC和紫外光谱定性分析。结果甘青青兰叶为羽状全裂、裂片线状,藏荆芥叶为线状披针形、全缘;甘青青兰叶中栅栏组织为两列重叠排列,藏荆芥为一列;对甘青青兰和藏荆芥进行TLC分析,以石油醚-丙酮(7:3)为展开剂,甘青青兰与藏荆芥的斑点数均为7个;甘青青兰的紫外最大吸收波长为202 nm,藏荆芥的紫外最大吸收波长为213 nm。结论甘青青兰和藏荆芥为藏医常用药物,两者在药材形状上有一定的相似性,但可以从叶的形状、栅栏细胞的特征及TLC的斑点数和紫外最大吸收波长加以区别。

Objective To compare two kinds of Tibetan medicine Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. and Nepeta angustifolia C. Y. Wu in order to lay a foundation for further study on Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. and the different usage of them. Methods The original plant species, medicine material shapes and anatomical characteristics of plant cells and tissues of them were compared out. TLC and UV spectrophotometry were applied to determine their qualitative analysis. Results Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. has pinnatisect leaves and linear lobes, its palisade tissue was composed of two layers of overlapping cells. While the leaves of Nepeta angustifolia C. Y. Wu were linear-lanceolate and entire margined, palisade tissue was just consist of one layer of cells. Petroleum ether-acetone （7：3） was used as the developer in TLC analysis, Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. and Nepeta angustifolia C. Y. Wu both indicated 7 TLC spots. The maximum absorption wavelength of Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. was 202 nm, while Nepeta angustifolia C. Y. Wu was 213 nm. Conclusion As commonly used Tibetan medicines, Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. and Nepeta angustifolia C. Y. Wu had similar appearances, however, they could be distinguished from the shapes of their leaves, characteristics of palisade cells, TLC spots and the maximum absorption wavelength.