湖北郧县乔家院墓地出土战国及东汉铜器的成分与金相分析

Metallographical and elemental analysis of the bronzes of the Warring States Period and the Eastern Han Dynasty excavated from Qiaojiayuan burial site in Yunxian,Hubei Province

摘要：2006年3-12月，在南水北调中线工程中，湖北省文物考古研究所等单位对郧县五峰乡乔家院墓群进行了考古勘探和发掘工作。限于考古发掘材料和学者关注度等因素，利用科技手段对该墓地出土战国及东汉时期青铜器的研究尚未见报道。同时，关于鄂西北地区出土古代青铜器的科学分析研究目前并不多见。鉴于此，本研究利用金相显微镜、XRF等方法分析了湖北省郧县乔家院墓地出土的14件战国及东汉时期铜器样品。分析表明除铜壶镶嵌丝为低锡二元（Cu—Sn）合金外，其他13件均为Cu—Sn—Pb三元合金；其制作工艺以铸造为主，另外还采用了热锻、热锻后冷加工、铜质芯撑、错红铜等工艺。以上分析数据为湖北地区战国及东汉时期青铜合金构成及成型工艺积累了相关数据。

From March to December in 2006, as part of the Chinese South - North Water Diversion Project, archaeological surveys and excavations were conducted at the Qiaojiayuan village in Yun County by archaeologists from the Institution of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Hubei Province and other archaeological institutions, revealing a tomb cluster and remarkable artifact assemblages, including elaborately designed and cast bronzes. Since case studies and technical investigations of the ancient bronzes found in northwestern Hubei Province have been rarely reported, and the bronzes of the Warring States Period and the Eastern Han Dynasty excavated from the Qiaojiayuan tombs have not been analyzed technically, the present work endeavored to analyze these bronzes by metallurgical examination and X - ray Fluorescence （XRF）. Samples from 14 bronzes （ mostly utilitarian artifacts） in burials at the Qiaojiayuan tomb cluster were collected for this purpose. The results show that 1 ） Except one inlaid wire of a bronze pot which is Cu - Sn binary alloy with low tin content, all the others are Cu - Sn - Pb bronzes; and 2） the investigated bronzes are mostly cast bronzes, but techniques such as hot and cold forging, metal core support, copper inlay were also used. These preliminary results provided data for further study of the production of bronzes of the Warring States to Eastern Han periods in Hubei.