海南文昌汉族人头面部形态特征的年龄变化

Head-face morphological characteristics of Han in Wenchang Hainan with age growth

目的：研究人类头面部形态特征随年龄增长而变化的规律。方法：在海南文昌市城市和乡村调查了汉族722例（男366例，女356例）成人的38项头面部体质指标，计算了13项头面部体质指数，统计了指数分型情况，对海南汉族容貌特征的年龄变化进行了初步分析。结果：头长、额最小宽、面宽、眼内角间宽、眼外角间宽、头水平围、唇高、上红唇厚度值均随年龄增长而下降，鼻宽、口裂宽、上唇皮肤部高度、容貌耳长、容貌耳宽、面颊皮褶值均随年龄增长而增大，随年龄增长，眼内角有眦褶率下降，眼裂倾斜度由眼外角高趋向水平，上唇皮肤部高度增大，眼裂变窄，眼色变浅，上红唇变薄，鼻宽值明显超过眼内角间宽值。随年龄增长，额顶宽指数、口指数、鼻宽深指数值逐渐下降。结论：随年龄增长，海南文昌汉族人容貌特征出现如下变化：头变短，额变窄，头的围度变小、面部宽度变小；左右眼的距离变小，眼裂更细窄且更趋于水平，虹膜颜色变浅；鼻唇间距离增大，唇变薄，口与鼻宽度变大，口裂更细长，耳变大，面颊变厚。由于面宽、眼内角间宽值变小，而鼻宽值变大，使得眼内角间宽值与鼻宽值之比、鼻宽值与面宽值之比均发生变化。

Objective： To study the change law of head-face morphological characters with increasing age. Methods： The headfacial characteristics on 722 adults （366 males, 356 females） of Han people living in Wenchan Hainan were investigated. 38 items of the head-facial physical indices and other 13 items of head-facial physical indexes were calculated to analyze the change of these head-facial characteristics with the age growth. Results： The indices of the head length, minimum frontal breadth, face breadth, interocular breadth, external biocular breadth, girth of head, lip height, thickness of lip were decreasing with the age growth. The indices of nasal breadth, mouth breadth, upper lip skin height, physiognomic ear length, physiognomic ear breadth, facial skinfold were increasing with the age growth. With the age growth, the percentage of mongoloid fold decreased, the direction of eyeslits from ectocanthion to the level height and upper lip skin height increased, the opening height of eyeslits became narrow, the eye color became shallow, the thickness of lips became thin, and nasal breadth was more than interocular breadth. With the age growth, the transverse frontoparietal index, oral indices and height-breadth indices of the nose increased. Conclusion： With the age growing, the head and face measurements, physical indices and the proportion of observed indices have some certain laws.