瑞香狼毒毒性物质的提取及对小鼠的致病作用

The Extraction of Toxic Substances form Stellera chamaejasme and Pathogenic in Mice

[目的]探究瑞香狼毒的致病作用。[方法]采用乙醇提取法从瑞香狼毒根中提取瑞香狼毒粗提物,并测定了其对进小鼠的毒性。[结果]小白鼠灌胃LD50为2 083.33 mg/kg,灌胃后表现为:身体无力,全身蜷缩,皮毛无光泽,抽搐、挣扎甚至死亡。剖检症状为:肺呈红色;肝、脾呈暗紫色;胃壁浆膜下有出血斑,胃黏膜广泛出血,内容物色红。病理变化为:心肌变性,横纹消失,血管扩张充血、出血;肝细胞颗粒变性、脂肪变性,中央静脉扩张,瘀血;肾小球毛细血管扩张充血,肾小管上皮细胞颗粒变性,肾间质血管扩张充血;脾窦高度扩张,含有大量红细胞,脾小梁结构不完整,断裂肺血管及肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血,有出血,肺泡壁增厚,有中性白细胞浸润,部分肺泡腔扩张,肺泡壁断裂,细支气管扩张,管腔中有浆液性渗出和脱落的上皮细胞;肠黏膜血管扩张充血,黏膜层上皮细胞溶解,呈网状。[结论]为今后瑞香狼毒的开发利用提供了理论依据。

[Objective] The aim was to the pathogenic role of Stellera chamaejasme.[Method] The ethanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme was extracted from Stellera chameajasme root,and the toxicity of the crude extracts to mouse was determined.[Result] The mice intragastric LD50 was 2 083.33 mg/kg.The performance of after irrigation stomach were physical weakness,body curled,dull fur,convulsions,struggles and even death.The necropsy symptoms were as followed：lung was red;liver and spleen were dark purple;bleeding spots in the gastric wall serosal gastric mucosal bleeding,content to identify the red.Pathological changes were as followed：myocardial degeneration,disappearance of cross striations,vascular dilatation and congestion,hemorrhage;granular degeneration,fatty degeneration of liver cells,the expansion of central venous stasis;glomerular capillary dilatation and congestion and granular degeneration of tubular epithelial cells,renal interstitial vascular dilatation and congestion;a high degree of expansion of the splenic sinus,contains large amounts of red blood cells,spleen trabecular structure was incomplete rupture of the pulmonary vascular and alveolar wall capillary dilatation and congestion,hemorrhage,alveolar wall thickening,neutrophil infiltration,part of the expansion of the alveolar space,alveolar wall rupture,bronchiectasis,the lumen of serous exudate and shedding of epithelial cells;mucosa vascular dilatation and congestion,epithelial cells of the mucous layer dissolved reticulate.[Conclusion] The research result provides theoretical basis for the development and use of Stellera chamaejasme.