ICU护士职业倦怠与自我效能、共情能力的相关性分析

Analysis of correlation among job burnout, self-efficiency and capacity of empathy of ICU nurses

目的 调查ICU护士职业倦怠、自我效能及共情能力的现状,并探讨职业倦怠与自我效能、共情能力的关系.方法 采用Maslach职业倦怠量表、一般自我效能感量表、杰弗逊共情量表对长沙市4家省级三甲综合医院220名ICU护士进行问卷调查.对数据进行描述性分析和Pearson相关性分析.结果 共发放问卷220份,回收有效问卷215份,有效回收率为97.72％.215名ICU护士职业倦怠中情绪衰竭和去人格化得分分别为（23.28±9.72）,（6.40±5.72）分,均为中度倦怠；个人成就感得分为（32.27±9.36）分,属于高度倦怠；自我效能平均得分为（2.54±0.51）分；共情能力平均总分为（110.33±12.36）分,其中观点采择、情感护理、换位思考3个维度平均分分别为（56.64±8.02）,（40.32±6.34）,（13.36±2.30）分.情绪衰竭与自我效能、共情能力总分及换位思考呈负相关（P＜0.05）,去人格化与自我效能、共情能力总分及3个维度呈负相关（P＜0.05）,而个人成就感与自我效能、共情能力总分及3个维度均呈正相关（P＜0.05）.结论 ICU护士职业倦怠较为严重,可通过提高ICU护士自我效能及共情能力的方式,以降低其职业倦怠.

Objective To investigate present situation of ICU nurses＇ job burnout,self-efficiency and capacity for empathy and explore the relationship among them.Methods The Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory,General Self-efficacy Scale and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals were used to conduct a survey among 220 ICU nurses in Provincial Third-level Comprehensive Hospitals in Changsha.Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were applied.Results Totals of 220 questionnaires were handed out and 215 were recovered,with the efficiency rate of 97.72%.The score of 215 ICU nurses＇ emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was respectively （23.28 ± 9.72） and （6.40 ± 5.72）,which were moderate burnout.The score of personal accomplishment was （32.27 ± 9.36）,a high degree of burnout.The average score of self-efficiency was （2.54 ± 0.51） and the average score of capacity for empathy was （110.33 ±12.36）,in which the average score of perspective taking,compassionate care and ability to stand in patients＇ shoes was （56.64 ±8.02）,（40.32 ±6.34） and （13.36 ±2.30） respectively.Emotional exhaustion had significantly negative correlation with self-efficiency,capacity for empathy and ability to stand in patients＇ shoes （P 〈 0.05）.Depersonalization had significantly negative correlation with self-efficiency,capacity for empathy and its three dimensions （P 〈 0.05）.Personal accomplishment had significantly positive correlation with self-efficiency,capacity for empathy and its three dimensions （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions The problem of job burnout is serious in ICU nurses.Special attention should be paid to increase their self-efficiency and capacity for empathy so as to reduce their job burnout.