三江平原地区大豆菌核病菌生物学特性研究

Biological Characteristics of Soybean Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Sanjiang Plain Region

为防治大豆菌核病,通过对黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院病圃中分离纯化的大豆菌核病菌进行培养,对菌核萌发最适温度、在土壤中萌发最适深度、子囊盘的萌发期及栽培密度与菌核病菌侵染发病的关系等进行研究。结果表明:大豆菌核病菌最佳生长温度为20～25℃;菌核萌发的最适pH为5.0,在碱性环境中不能生长;土壤表面的菌核萌发力最强,5 cm以下菌核不能萌发;子囊盘萌发高峰期是在7月末,正值大豆R2期;大豆种植密度与菌核病发病的严重程度呈正相关,适当降低大豆种植密度,可有效防治大豆菌核病。

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strains isolated and purified from the disease nursery of the Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricuhural Sciences were cultured to control the disease of Sclerotinia stern rot. The optimum temperature and the depth in soil for sclerotium germination, the germination period for apothecia and the relationship of planting density and infec- tion incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were researched. The optimum growth temperature and pH for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was 20-25 ℃ and 5.0 ,respectively, and the pathogen could not grow in the alkaline environment. The germination of sclerotium from soil surface was the best, while the sclerotium below 5 cm soil could not germinate. The peak of apothecia germination was at the end of July, which was R2 period of soybean. Planting density of soybean was positively related to the severity of soybean sclerotinia disease. Properly reducing the plant density of soybean could effectively prevent and control the soybean sclerotinia.