旱地农业区危害大豆的鸟类及保护性预防

Birds Harm to Soybean in Dryland Agricultural Areas and Protective Prevention

随着我国鸟类生存环境的改善,北方地区与大豆生产相关的鸟类数量得到恢复。鸟类与大豆具有十分密切的相生相克关系,是自然生态环境中食物链之一。旱地大豆苗期主要受鸠鸽科和雉科中部分鸟类威胁,常常导致大豆缺苗断垄或毁苗情况出现。这些鸟类包括岩鸽、原鸽、灰斑鸠、粉头斑鸠、石鸡、大石鸡、雉鸡和鹌鹑8个主要种类,它们多数为国家级保护动物,严禁猎杀。依据这些鸟类危害大豆的特点提出保护性防治措施,主要包括:(1)选择抗旱性强、籽粒小、子叶青色、紫花类型大豆品种,规避鸟类危害;(2)采用以快速集中出苗目标的栽培技术,减轻鸟类危害;(3)采用驱鸟剂和驱鸟器等保护性措施,防治鸟类危害。

With the improvement of living environment, the number of birds associated with soybean production in the northern China have been restored. As a member of the food chain, birds have close allelopathy relationship with soybean. Soybean seed- lings are threatened by some birds of Columbidae and Phasianidae families in dry land area, which often results in soybean seedlings deficiency. These birds include rock pigeon,rock dove, gray turtledove, powder head turtledove, chukar, big chukar, pheasant and quail, most of them are national protected animals, hunting is strictly prohibited. Protective control measures based on the characteristics of these birds hazards soybean has proposed. Including（i） choose varieties with strong drought re- sistance,small grain,green cotyledon, and purple flower, so as to circumvent the hazard of birds; （ii）adopt cultivation tech- niques with fast centralized emergence targets to reduce bird hazards ; （iii） adopt bird repellents and apparatus measures to keep away the pest birds.