区域开放与产业集聚：一个基于交易费用视角的模型

Regional Opening and Industrial Agglomeration:A Theoretical Model from Transaction Cost Perspective

集聚是当代空间经济学研究的一个核心命题。关于集聚的原因,不少研究多半忽略了一个重要现实存在,即交易费用。NEG经典模型以"冰山移动"方式处理的贸易成本虽隐含了交易费用,但笼统的模型刻画并未将这种成本和别的成本加以区别。基于同类产业集聚与异类产业协同集聚并存的产业集聚这一经济现实,本文以区域二重开放和产业集聚的视点,将贸易成本区分为显性贸易成本(运输成本)及隐性贸易成本(交易费用),通过构建单一区域两部门经济模型予以刻画。研究证明,隐性贸易成本(交易费用)的大小是新厂商是否选择集聚布局的重要因素;二重开放下,区分两种贸易成本对于解释集聚与协同集聚的互动机理至关重要。

Agglomeration is one of the essential topics of contemporary Spa- tial Economics. However, researches on agglomeration tend to ignore the signifi- cant presence of transaction cost. NEC introduces the concept of ＂iceberg cost＂ embodying transaction const, but this generalized conceptualization does not distin- guish such an actual cost from other many types of costs. In compliance with the economic fact that agglomeration and co-agglomeration coexist, this paper di- vides trade cost into two types of costs covering explicit cost （transportation cost） and implicit cost （transaction cost）, making a new description by introduc- ing a single-region-double-sector model. This paper concludes that the size of im- plicit cost （transaction cost） is an important factor that firms consider when they make decision on whether or not to choose an agglomeration business pattern. More importantly, the demarcation between implicit cost （transaction cost） and ex- plicit cost （transportation cost） is vital to unravel the interaction mechanism be- tween agglomeration and co-agglomeration.