FDI、环境监管与工业大气污染--基于产业结构与技术进步分解指标的实证检验

FDI, Environmental Regulation and Industrial Air Pollution: An Empirical Test Based on Decomposition of Industry Structure and Technology Progress

本文基于FDI的环境效应这一基本问题,以大气污染为切入点构造污染强度指标,并将其进一步分解为产业结构、总体技术进步与地区相对技术进步指标;以此为基础对外资进入与政府监管在地区大气污染强度变化过程中所起到的作用,以及外资进入与政府监管之间的相互反馈作用进行实证检验。结果表明,外资企业的进入同时具备"污染避难所"论和"污染光环"论的双重特征,在引起我国产业结构向高污染行业转移的同时显著促进了当地和其他地区的环保技术应用;同时FDI的存在在弱化邻近地区的环境监管同时对当地的环境监管起到明显的强化作用。因此,在未来发展中,如何规避和限制跨国公司对我国的污染性产业转移是发挥FDI在环境保护方面积极作用的关键。

This paper bases itself on the primary issue of the effect of in- bound foreign direct investment （FDI） on China＇s environment. Using air pollu- tion as the opener, this paper sets up a specific index on air pollution intensity, which is decomposed into industrial structure index, technology progress index and regional relative technology progress index. Based on these indexes, we exam- ine the role played by inbound FDI and the governmental regulation concerning environment on local air pollution as well as the interaction between the two forces. In conclusion, this research shows that while FDI promotes China＇s prog- ress on environmental protection technologies, it also pushes China＇s industrial transition towards heavily energy consumptive industries which are highly pollut- ing. At the same time, the presence of FDI, when weakening the environmental regulation of the neighborhoods, helps strengthen regulation on the local environ- ment. Therefore, in order to relating FDI to its positive impact on the environ- ment, the key issue is to circumvent and constrain TNCs＇ tendency to drag Chi- na＇s industries towards the heavy polluting side.