运动决策情境中认知加工理论模型的初步构建

Initial Construction of Cognitive Processing Models in the Sport Decision-making Situations

运动决策研究在国内外已经成为运动心理学中一个成熟的研究领域。特别是最近几年,从生态心理学与进化心理学视角对运动决策研究越来越多。从探讨运动决策的实质出发,在认知心理学视角下,探索了运动决策认知成分功能改变的过程与结构,构建了认知加工理论模型。认为:运动专家之所以在运动决策中优于一般运动员,其认知功能改变的实质是他们习得了优异的视觉搜索策略与更加熟练的掌握工作记忆的容量与组化能力,最终表现为认知功能的可塑性与决策进化的适应性。未来的研究应探索选择性注意与工作记忆的相互关系,为专长训练提供理论支持与实践指导。

Sport decision-making has become a mature field of study in sport psychology.Especially in recent years,more and more studies from the perspective of ecological psychology and evolutionary psychology w ere done in sport decisionmaking.In this study,w e explored the nature sport decision-making of cognitive psychology perspective,and explored the cognitive component function changes in sport decision-making process and structure,and structured a theoretical model of cognitive processing.The results show ed that the reasons w hy sports experts in the decision-making of the campaign better than the general athletes are their cognitive function essence acquisition of the superior visual search strategies and a more skilled master of w orking memory capabilities,and ultimately manifested as cognitive functional plasticity and evolution of adaptive decision-making.The relationship betw een w orking memory and selective attention should be explored in the future,and provide theoretical support for the expertise in training and practice guidance.